1. It is a paradox of the Victorians that they were both ______ and, through their empire, cosmopolitan.
A.capricious
B. insular
C. mercenary
D. idealistic
E. intransigent
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答案:B
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:应填cosmopolitan的反义,只有insular符合
重点单词:
insular:本义为“海岛的;岛屿的”,引申义为“只关心本国利益的;思想偏狭的;保守的”
mercenary:义为“只为金钱的;唯利是图的”;mercenary也可作名词,义为“雇佣军”——即一帮为了钱参与军事行动的人
intransigent:义为“不妥协的;不愿合作的;不肯让步的”,词根transigent源自transaction——不与他人交易,即是不合作的态度,其近义词为uncompromising
翻译:维多利亚时代的英国人有一个很矛盾的特点,他们既保有一种岛国思想,但同时又因为大英帝国而颇具世界性眼光。
2. My grandma has a strong belief in all things _____: she insists, for example, that the house in which she lived as a child was haunted.
A.clamorous
B. invidious
C. numinous
D. empirical
E. sonorous
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答案:C
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:应填“the house is haunted”的同义,只有numinous符合
重点单词:
haunt:及物动词,义为“(鬼魂在某地)出没”,the house is haunted就是“这房子闹鬼”的意思。
invidious:义为“让人反感的”,还有一个含义叫“招人嫉妒的”词根源自envy, envious
numinous:义为“超自然的;神圣的;精神的”,近义词为supernatural, mysterious, holy和spiritual
翻译:我奶奶认为任何事物都是有灵魂的;比如她坚持觉得她儿时居住的房子有鬼。
3.The (i)_____ of molecular oxygen on Earth-sized planets around other stars in the universe would not be (ii)_____ sign of life: molecular oxygen can be a signature of photosynthesis (a biotic process) or merely of the rapid escape of water from the upper reaches of a planetary atmosphere (an abiotic process).
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答案:CE
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:须通过冒号后的内容推断冒号前的内容。冒号后的内容很长,但关键信息藏在括号里;括号里说“氧分子既可以代表生命进程(biotic process),也可以代表非生命进程(abiotic process),所以既然结果不确定,则可以推断冒号前的内容为:即便有了氧分子,也不能说明生命的存在,故选CE
重点单词:
a) biotic义为“生物的;生命的”,其反义词为“abiotic”。“a-”是表示反义的词缀,类似的词汇还有pathetic – apathetic, theism – atheism, anachronism, atypical, abnormal等
b) dearth义为“缺乏;不足”,其近义词包括destitute
翻译:在宇宙中环绕恒星的、和地球大小相当的行星上检测到氧分子并不一定确凿的生命迹象:氧分子可能是光合作用这种生命进程的标志,但也可能仅仅是水从行星大气层上部快速逃离而产生的(而这是一种非生命进程)。
4.Given the (i)_____ the committees and the (ii)_____ nature of its investigation, it would be unreasonable to gainsay the committee’s conclusions at first glance.
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答案:AF
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:given作介词的意思是“鉴于”,引导原因状语,故逗号后主句的内容判断之前的内容。后面说“否定committee的结论是不合理的”,所以主句的内容应该对committee持支持的态度
重点单词:
a) gainsay为及物动词,义为“反驳;反对;否认”,英文字面意思是”say against”
b) sterling作形容词义为“优秀的;杰出的;最高标准的”,作名词指英镑
c) exhaustive是熟词僻义,义为“详尽的;彻底的;全面的”
翻译:鉴于该委员会良好的名声和这次调查详尽程度,一下子就否认它的结论是不合理的做法。
5.The skin of the poison dart frog contains deadly poisons called batrachotoxins. But the (i)_____ of the toxins has remained an enigma, as the frog does not (ii)_____ them. Now an analysis suggests that the melyrid beetle is the source. Collected beetle specimens all contained batrachotoxins, suggesting that these beetles are (iii)_____ by the frogs.
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答案:BEG
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:第二句和第三句说现在研究显示batrachotoxins是源自melyrid beetle的,故之前人们对在青蛙身上发现的batrachotoxins的起源不是明了的,且青蛙是产生不了batrachotoxins的,故第一、二空选origin和produce。很容易判断第三空是eaten,因为青蛙吃了melyrid beetle身上才有可能携带melyrid beetle
重点单词:
enigma:义为“谜团;神秘的人;费解的事物”,其形容词为enigmatic
翻译:poison dart frog的皮肤含有一种叫batrachotoxins的致命毒素。但是这种毒素的来源一直让人不解,因为该frog并不产生这种毒素。现在,一项研究指出melyrid beetle是该毒素的来源。现收集到的melyrid beetle样本均含有batrachotoxins,这表明了这些beetles是被frogs给吃了。
6. Now that photographic prints have become a popular field for collecting, auctions are becoming more (i)_____. It is not just the entry of new collectors into the field that is causing this intensification. Established collectors’ interests are also becoming more (ii)_____. Those who once concentrated on the work of either the nineteenth-century pioneers or the twentieth-century modernists are now keen to have (iii)_____ collections.
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答案:AEG
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:第二句话说“并不仅仅是new collectors导致了这种intensification”,其中的代词“这种”就说明了第一空应该是intensification的同义,故填competitive。另外,后两句说明了喜欢photographic prints的收藏家,以前是喜欢19、20世纪传统作品的,故他们的兴趣应该是变得更广泛了,故后两空应该填wide-ranging和comprehensive
重点单词:
established:义为“已确定的;既有的;固有的;现存的”
翻译:由于打印照片也成为了一个独立的收藏领域,拍卖会现在变成了一个竞争越来越激烈的场所了。不仅仅是新来的收藏家导致了这种这种程度的激烈;那些收藏家们固有的兴趣也变得越来越广泛了。那些以前专注于19世纪先锋派艺术家和20世纪现代主义艺术家的藏家,现在也热衷于更全面的藏品了。
7. The beauty of the scientific approach is that even when individual researchers do _____ bias or partiality, others can correct them using a framework of evidence on which everyone broadly agrees.
A. overreact to
B. deviate from
C. succumb to
D. recoil from
E. yield to
F. shrink from
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答案:CE
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:逗号后面说其他人可以改正bias or partiality这样的错误,故可推断上一空的内容应是有的研究者犯了bias or partiality这样的错误,故选succumb to和yield to,含义均为“向……屈服”,而“向错误屈服”和“犯错误”是一个意思
重点单词:
deviate from: 义为“背离……;偏离……;违背……”
recoil from:义为“退缩;(因惊吓)畏缩”;recoil作名词指枪开火后的后坐力
翻译:科学方法之美在于就算某些研究者向偏见屈服,其他研究者能够基于每个人都同意的循证框架去改变这些偏见。
8. The reconstruct known work is beautiful and also probably _____: it is the only Hebrew verse written by a woman.
A. singular
B. unique
C. archaic
D. counterfeit
E. valuable
F. fake
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答案:AB
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:填only的同义,singular和unique都符合
重点单词:
counterfeit: 义为“假冒的;伪造的;仿造的”,通常修饰金钱和商品,比如假钞,仿冒名表等。
翻译:这首重构的诗歌是美的,而且也有可能是独一无二的:它是仅存的由希伯来女性写的韵文。
9. In a book that inclines to _____, an epilogue arguing that ballet is dead arrives simply as one more overstatement.
A. pessimism
B. misinterpretation
C. imprecision
D. vagueness
E. exaggeration
F. hyperbole
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答案:EF
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:填overstatement的同义,exaggeration和hyperbole都符合
重点单词:
incline:可作动词,后接to sth,义为“使倾向于;有……的趋势”,比如“我倾向于这种观点”可以译为I incline to the view.
翻译:在一本喜欢夸夸其谈的书中,“芭蕾已死”这样的结语显然是言过其实的。
10. The political upheaval caught most people by surprise: despite the _____ warnings of some commentators, it had never seemed that imminent.
A. stern
B. prescient
C. prophetic
D. indifferent
E. repeated
F. apathetic
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答案:BC
难度:★☆☆☆☆
答案解析:填imminent的同义,prescient和prophetic均可
重点单词:
imminent: 义为“(尤指不愉快的事物)即将到来的”
prescient: 的词根的和science均含拉丁词根scire,义为“知道”,故prescient为“先知的;预知的;先觉的”的意思;含scire这个词根常见单词还包括omniscient
indifferent: 义为“漠不关心的;不感兴趣的”,因为differ有“意见相左;持不同看法”的含义,而词缀-in表示否定,所以indifferent的字面意思为“不提出反对意见的”,引申义为“漠不关心的”
翻译:这次政治动荡让大多数人感到惊讶:虽然有评论员先知先觉的警告,但总显得不那么的迫在眉睫。
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